Farmers face a multitude of plant pests and diseases. Pressures from insects, viruses, weeds and weather can impose considerable damage on crops, lowering yields and raising costs.
Traditionally, farmers have relied on combinations of herbicides, insecticides, fertilizers and irrigated water to protect their crops and boost production. Each of these inputs adds to the cost of the product, but they are necessary investments. In addition to the economic costs, these inputs also may exact environmental costs.
Biotechnology Increases Options for Farmers
Plants developed to defend themselves against insect pests or diseases or to tolerate certain herbicides represent the first generation of biotechnology crops. Crops developed using biotechnology give farmers greater flexibility and safer, more innovative choices in pest management. The economic and environmental benefits of biotech crops have been documented in comprehensive reports from the Council for Agricultural Science and Technology, National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy (NCFAP), the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Environmental Protection Agency, among others.
Insect-Protected Crops - Biotechnology is used to strengthen a crop's own ability to defend itself against destructive insects, reducing, and sometimes eliminating, the need for chemical pesticides. The plants are given the genetic ability to produce a protein-toxic to certain insects but harmless to humans and animals-that is found in a common soil bacterium called Bacillus thuringiensis, or Bt. The current generation of Bt cotton, corn and potatoes protects against the European corn borer, the cotton and pink bollworms, and the Colorado potato beetle, respectively. Other insect-protected plants in development include soybean, peanut, broccoli and eggplant. A nematode-resistant pineapple also is in development.
